1/S/KPBMiM/22 commenced at the Maritime University of Szczecin, Poland.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. 1/S/KPBMiM/21 and 1/S/KPBMiM/22 financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland (MEiN). įunding: Acknowledgments The publication was developed as a part of project LIDER/8/0051/L-8/16/NCBR/2017 funded by the National Centre for Research and Development, Poland and Grants no. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files which is included via ZENODO at. Received: Accepted: DecemPublished: January 21, 2022Ĭopyright: © 2022 Ptak et al. PLoS ONE 17(1):Įditor: Quan Yuan, Tsinghua University, CHINA As the study is devoted to increasing riders safety in this means of transportation, the potential directions for further research were indicated.Ĭitation: Ptak M, Fernandes FAO, Dymek M, Welter C, Brodziński K, Chybowski L (2022) Analysis of electric scooter user kinematics after a crash against SUV. The plots of the dummy’s head linear acceleration and its magnitude for the analyzed scenarios were provided. The after-impact kinematics for various scenarios were analyzed and discussed. For each scenario, subsequent frames describing the dummy movement are presented. The fourth simulation is a frontal impact. The second and the third simulation is a side B-pillar crash, which was divided into two dummy’s positions: the squat and up-right. Scenario one is a side bonnet crash that simulates an accident when the scooter drives into the side-front of the vehicle. Subsequently, four accident scenarios were designed and simulated using two numerical codes–LS-DYNA for handling finite element (FE) code (the vehicle and scooter model) and MADYMO for multibody code (dummy model). The article presents the importance of this problem based on an in-depth literature analysis of e-scooter-related types of accidents, injuries percentages, and helmet use. However, the safety situation of electric scooter users is insufficiently researched in terms of kinematics and injury outcomes. The number of road accidents involving e-scooters is also increasing. The share of electric scooters (e-scooters) in urban traffic has been growing in recent years. The article presents the results of the analysis of electric scooter user kinematics after a crash against a vehicle.

Vehicle accident simulation study